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Weight is the density or heaviness of individual characters relative to surrounding letterforms.
The horizontal length of a character, from one end to the other, is called the width. 
In design, style refers to the manner or mode of expression, execution, construction, or design. 
A typeface refers to a set of characters, generally a comlete set of the alphabet with numbers and a few other assorted characters, with a consistent style. When they are available in different sizes and points, they are referred to as a font.
The x-height  of a letter is accurately named and refers to the basic height of a typeface.
Some letters have vertical extensions. The height of these is called the cap height. 


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